Chemical ecology of oviposition in phytophagous insects

Summary Selection of a suitable site for oviposition by phytophagous insects is critical for successful development of the offspring. The behavioral events leading to oviposition are mediated to a large extent by chemical cues associated with potential host plants. Orientation and landing are primarily guided by volatile constituents of a plant, whereas assessment of a leaf surface depends on contact stimuli. Chemical mechanisms that ensure adequate spacing of progeny on limited resources include the production of oviposition-deterring pheromones as well as recognition of plant constituents released as a result of previous damage. Perception of chemical cues that affects oviposition involves receptors on antennae, tarsi, mouthparts or the ovipositor. Complex behavior such as tarsal drumming or stem runs may serve to provide increased receptor contact with chemical stimuli. Abiotic and biotic environmental factors often influence the production or release of behavior-modifying chemicals by a plant, and therefore affect oviposition preferences. Plant chemistry may be involved in associative learning, but may also lead to mistakes. Thus a clear correlation between oviposition preference and offspring success does not always exist.     

基于四元数图神经网络的知识图谱嵌入

针对当前大多数知识图谱嵌入方法对实体和关系的表示能力低、难以处理复杂关系的问题,提出一种基于四元数图神经网络的知识图谱嵌入方法,用于解决知识图谱的链路预测问题。该方法为了包含更丰富的关系信息,将四元数引入到知识图谱嵌入中对实体和关系建模,并考虑两者之间的共现关系。模型利用勒维图变换将知识图谱中的实体和关系转换为图网络中的节点,采用两者的共现关系构建图中的边;将四元数图神经网络(quaternion graph neural networks,QGNN)作为编码器模块,学习图节点的四元数嵌入;利用四元数空间内的哈密顿乘积构造评分函数对生成三元组进行排序。实验结果表明,所提模型能够很好地捕捉到实体与关系之间潜在的相互依赖关系,在知识图谱嵌入方面优于现有的嵌入模型。     

Dissection of the pheromone-modulated flight of moths using single-pulse response as a template

The upwind flight of male moths to conspecific females is mediated by the chemical and structural characteristics of a pheromone plume. We describe the reaction of maleCadra cautella, the almond moth, to the interception of single pulses of sex pheromone, the smallest structural units of odour plumes. Following loss of a pheromone plume, males cast, that is fly a crosswind course without progressing upwind. The response of casting males to interception of a pulse of 0.25 s duration was, after a delay of 0.21±0.07 s, to turn and briefly fly straighter upwind, resulting in average net upwind displacements of 18 cm in a 50 cm s^–1 wind. Upwind progress in the single-pulse response was the result of steering more upwind and an increase in airspeed, although average ground speed remained unchanged. During the last third of the surge, males turned crosswind, returning to casting flight. These behavioural reactions to pheromone contact and loss support the phasic-tonic model of odour-modulated flight, in which an underlying tonic counterturning rhythm, expressed upon pheromone loss, is briefly overridden by phasic upwind surges, expressed upon interception of the pheromone filament. The surge portion of the cast-surge-cast response was diminished and more crosswind if individual pulses were shorter (0.02 s), probably due to sub-optimal contact with pheromone. The cast-surge-cast response to interception of a single 0.25 s pulse was used as a template to interpret the form of flight tracks in plumes of known structure. The template matched portions of flight tracks of males flying in plumes of low pheromone pulse frequency, thus reflecting the male's pattern of pulse encounter. In plumes ensuring a high frequency of pulse interception, only the upwind surge portion of the template was expressed, resulting in nearly straight upwind flight tracks. Similar nearly straight upwind flight tracks occurred in flights along plumes of low pulse frequency with large volume. Thus flight tracks of maleC. cautella to point sources of pheromone depend on both the frequency and the size of filaments encountered.     

影响木材火焰传播速度特征量的实验研究

木材着火时火焰的传播规律将为木材在火灾场景中的行为提供重要参考,分析了木材燃烧的机理和影响木材燃烧时火焰传播速度的特征量,借助于实验的方法,研究了空间方位角和几何尺寸等特征量对火焰传播速度的影响.结果表明,方位角越小,不同尺寸木条火焰传播速度差别越大;火焰传播速度随方位角的增大而增大;木条宽度越大,火焰传播速度越慢.     

河南省某金矿床地质特征及找矿方向研究

某金矿床赋存于太华群龙潭沟组地层中，金矿床严格受断裂构造控制．通过对此金矿床地质特征的研究，系统总结了该矿床的控矿因素和找矿标志，并指明了矿区今后的找矿方向．     

PPP协议在FreeBSD中的实现分析

FreeBSD是一个开放源码的、完全32位的操作系统，它提供了PPP对等网络服务功能．介绍了FreeBSD操作系统及PPP协议的概念，分析了PPP的协议规范及该协议在FeeeBSD的实现．     

论新建本科院校应用型人才培养目标定位

新建本科院校能否健康持续发展,保证人才培养质量,首要的是能否科学定位人才培养目标.应用型人才是人才的一种类型,有技术有技能的应用型人才是我国经济发展中非常关键的因素,发展应用型本科教育大有可为.新建本科院校科学定位人才培养目标,要着眼于多样化的人才需求,着眼于办学实际和生源实际,坚持发展性、全面性的基本定位原则.     

"语义差异"与文化取象

在英语中存在着一些语义偏见的现象。本文从社会语用的角度出发，对性别、种族、阶级、地域、职业等几个方面存在的语义偏见、语言歧视进行了分析；阐述了它们与文化的内在联系；并指出了解语义偏见与文化取象之间关系的意义。     

WDM疏导网络中的子通路保护算法

研究了WDM疏导网络的生存性问题,提出一种基于共享风险链路组(SRLG)限制的共享子通路保护算法·该算法将业务连接的工作通路分为互不重叠的等长子通路,分别找出它们SRLG分离的保护通路,并且允许共享保护资源·仿真研究表明:该算法既保证了业务连接的可靠性要求,同时又提高了全网资源利用率·另外,它允许网络管理者根据不同优化指标调整子通路的长度,从而可以在恢复时间和资源利用率之间进行折中·     

蓝牙网络QoS机制的分析及其改进

重点分析了蓝牙标准中QoS机制方面的不足,提出了改进QoS机制的实现框架.最后提出了该框架内亟待研究解决的问题.